Authorization is a crucial concept in computer security and is the process of granting or denying access to a resource. It plays a vital role in ensuring the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of data and resources.
When a user attempts to access a resource or perform an action, the authorization process verifies whether the user has the necessary permissions or privileges to do so. This process typically involves authenticating the user's identity and checking their access rights against an access control policy.
There are various authorization mechanisms, such as role-based access control (RBAC), attribute-based access control (ABAC), and discretionary access control (DAC). These mechanisms help organizations enforce access control policies, limit user privileges, and protect sensitive information.