The Waterfall Model, also known as the linear-sequential model or traditional software development life cycle (SDLC), is a sequential software development process. It follows a structured approach where progress flows steadily downwards, just like a waterfall.
In the Waterfall Model, the development process is divided into distinct phases, such as requirements gathering, system design, implementation, testing, deployment, and maintenance. Each phase must be completed before moving on to the next phase, and there is no overlapping or iterative feedback loop between the phases.
This model is characterized by its emphasis on planning and documentation. It assumes that the requirements and scope of the project are well-defined and fixed from the beginning, and any changes to these requirements are discouraged after the project begins. This makes it suitable for projects with stable and predictable requirements, where a detailed plan can be created and followed.
Although the Waterfall Model provides a clear and structured approach to software development, it has limitations in today's dynamic and rapidly changing business environment. The lack of flexibility and adaptability can lead to delays and difficulties in accommodating changes. As a result, iterative and agile development approaches have gained popularity over the Waterfall Model.